The Varna culture is a local variant of the Gumelnitsa–Karanovo VI culture in northeastern Bulgaria. Its heyday dates back to the middle of the 5th millennium (4650-4500 BC)


In the Varna necropolis, three hundred graves have been studied, but this is only two thirds of the entire burial ground. More than 3 thousand gold items (pendants, masks, figurines, etc.) with a total weight of about 6 kg, hundreds of copper tools, weapons (axes), about 650 ceramic items, etc. were found.

Weapons made of copper stone and bone


Battle axes and picks from the Bulgaria

Two-part maces (Dnepr-Don-Volga)


Cruciform maces (Danube-Dnepr-Don-Volga)

Zoomorphic hammers (Apennines-Caucasus)


Maces (Northern Black Sea region-Caucasus)


Klevtsy with trunnions (Lower Volga)
Examples of such weapons of the Kuku-Kuku tribe from New Guinea

Clubs
1.An ordinary club with a processed handle.
2.Korch - a club with a head from a basal thickening.
3.Hammer club.
4.Club-bunch with a wrapped handle.
5.Mace with wooden spikes.


Clubs
1. Mace with a concentric groove in the lower part. Nikolsky burial ground. Dpepro-Donetsk culture.
2. Mace with four ledges. Mariupol. Dnieper-Donets culture.
3. Cross-shaped mace. Veremier. Middle Tripoli.
4. Pear-shaped mace. Cherry. Late Tripoli.
5. Two-horned mace. Sredne-Stogovskaya culture, Dnieper-Azov local group.
6. Three-segmented mace. Sredne-Stogovskaya culture.
7. Mushroom club. Sredne-Stogovskaya culture, Dnieper-Azov local group.
8. Four-horned mace. Sredne-Stogovskaya culture, Dnieper-Azov local group.
9. Mace flattened from the poles. Kemi-Oba culture. Sevastopol.
10. Preparation of a four-horned mace, Ryasnye Mogily Neolithic site.

Horn Hammers
1. Horn hammer from the basal (basal) part of the horn. Sredne-Stogovskaya culture.
2. Three-horned hammer from the forked part of a deer antler. Sredne-Stogovskaya culture.
3. An ax-shaped tethered hammer made of elk horn. Lake. Culture Gumelnitsa.
4. Three-horned hammer from the forked part of a deer antler. Culture of Pit-Comb Ware.
5. Horn hammers from the stem part of a deer antler. Tripolye culture.


War hammers
1. Stone zoomorphic hammer in the form of a duck's beak. The tract Taburishe. Sredne-Stogovskaya culture.
2. Stone zoomorphic hammer, decorated with the image of a horse's muzzle. Dnepropetrovsk region. Sredne-Stogovskaya culture.
3. Combat horn hammers from the basal (basal) part of a deer antler. Srednestog culture.
4. Horn hammer. Pos. Brynzeny III. Tripolye culture.


Stone drilled hammers
1. Hammer made from solid cobblestone. Maydanets. Late Tripolye culture.
2. War hammer from Sofiyivka. Late Tripolye culture.
3. Combat hammer from Ermolaevka, distinguished by careful polishing of the surface. Late Tripolye culture.
4. Late Tripolye hexagonal hammer, reconstruction.
5. Late Tripolye stone klevets. Sofiyivka.
6. Klevets from a stone. Polgarian culture.
7. Late Tripolye oval (washer-shaped) hammer.


Bone and horn picks
1. Solid wood archaic pick.
2. Long horny klevets Art. Brynzeny III. Late Tripolye
3. Short bullet pick. Kolomiyshchina. Late Tripolye
4. Bone Tethered Pick Lv. Shchovb, Zhvanets local group. Late Tripolye
5. Bone socket pick lvl. Shchovb, Zhvanets local group. Late Tripolye
6. Horny bastard from the end of a deer antler. Mezhirechye, culture of spherical amphoras.
7. Bone zoomorphic scepter-scepter in the form of a duck's beak. Lugansk region. Novodanilovskaya group of Srednestog culture.


Picks
1. Tripolye hoe-shaped hammer made of deer antler, reconstruction.
2. Horned klevets from Luka-Vrublevetskaya, Trypolye culture, reconstruction.
3. Horny early Tripolye klevets.
4. Reconstruction of the Early Tripolye klevets with a top-shaped blade.
5. Reconstruction of the early Trnpolye horn toad.
6. Reconstruction of the Sredny Stog horn klevets from Dereevka.
7. Polished horn pick. Zvenigorod. Lendel culture.


Hammers & Picks
1. A zoomorphic (“duck-nosed”) bone hammer, Donetsk region, Sredny Stog culture.
2. Zoomorphic Horn Hammer, Lv. Turova Gora, Srednestog culture.
3. Horny Pick with a flat-transverse warhead, pos. Costesty. Late Tripolye
4. Horny Pick, chance find. Starodubovka, Donetsk region.



Flat stone wedge-shaped axes
1. A small polished hatchet with a segmented blade. Zimino. Funnel cup culture.
2. Reconstruction variant of the late Tripolye flint axe. Attachment with leather straps.
3. A variant of the reconstruction of a polished ax, fastening into a groove in the club head. In this case, a combined club-axe weapon is obtained.
4. A variant of the reconstruction of a polished ax on a stick-shaped handle with a compound clamp and a belt winding.
5. Early Tripolye stone polished ax from the village. Floreshty.
6-8. Stone axes from Barnashevka. Early Tripolye culture.
9-10. Polished stone axes of the Baden culture, pos. Wasp.


Flat wedge axes
1. Reconstruction variant of a Late Trypolye flint ax with an expanding segmental blade. The wedge is fastened with the help of a belt “spike-shaped” winding.
2. Late Trypolye stone ax with a rounded narrowed blade. Gordinesti II.
3. A variant of the reconstruction of a stone ax from the village Maydanets. The wedge of the ax is fixed at the end of the horn sleeve, which is mounted on a wooden handle.
4. Stone ax with an asymmetrically segmented blade. Maydanets. Late Tripolye
5. Massive stone ax, almost square in cross section. Formerly Trypolye
6. Flint polished trapezoidal ax with a segmented blade. Formerly Trypolye
7. Stone polished ax with parallel sides and a slightly curved segmental blade. early Trypolye
8. A stone ax of very massive forms with an irregularly barrel-shaped cross section. early rypolye



Flint wedge axes
1-3. Flint axes of Western Volhyn
4.7. Late Trypolye flint axes of the lapidary (light) type with relatively thin bodies.
5.6. Late Trypolye flint axes of a massive type with thick bodies.


Stone wedge axes
1. Variant of the reconstruction of a flat wedge-shaped ax of the culture of spherical amphora.
2. Wedge-shaped flint ax from the culture of globular amphora. Differs in special care of processing and almost ideal proportions; Mound 444, grave Z. Kamenka. Neighborhood of Kamenetz-Podolsk.
3. Polished flint ax of elongated proportions, Western Volyn. Culture of globular amphora.
4. Polished flint axe. Culture of globular amphora. Volyn.
5. Polished flint axe. Culture of globular amphora. Volyn.
6. Flint ax with an oval blade. Dnieper-Donets culture, late stage.
7. Flint rough axe. Dnieper-Donets culture, early stage.
8.9. Flint axes of the middle stage of the Dnieper-Donets culture.
10. Stone polished ax of massive proportions. Bolgrad, Gumelnitsa culture.
11. Stone polished ax with a groove on one of the cheeks. Culture of Pit-Comb Ware.
12. Flint ax from Pogorelovka. Late stage of Pit-Comb Ware culture.



Stone wedge-shaped axes of the Sredny Stog culture


Metal flat (wedge-shaped) axes Tripolye


Copper flat axes Tripolye


Stone drilled axes-hammers Tripolye


Stone drilled axes-hammers Tripolye


Stone drilled axes-hammers. Later Tripolye


Stone drilled hammer axes
1. Stone double-edged ax. Funnel cup culture.
2. An ax with a uniformly expanding blade and a narrowed butt, the cheekbones are widened. Funnel cup culture.
3. A miniature hatchet with a flared blade and a mushroom head. Funnel cup culture.
4. Classical ax of the culture of funnel-shaped goblets with a mushroom-shaped butt and a wedge symmetrically widened towards the blade.
5. Stone drilled wedge-shaped ax. Culture of globular amphora.
6. A stone ax of a classical diamond-shaped shape with a truncation forming a butt, the body of the ax is massive. Baden culture.
7. Ax similar to No. 6, but larger. Baden culture.
8. Late Tripolye ax hammer was found with the remains of a handle and copper wedges, the location of which is shown in section 8a.


Stone drilled axes-hammers (Kemi-Oba culture, Crimea)


Copper eye (socket) axes Tripolye


Copper socket axes
1. General view and reconstruction (1a) of a hatchet from Petrovo-Svistunovo (during operation, the blade broke off and then it was used as a hammer).
2. Ax of the “Vidra” type with a strongly elongated wedge and a segment-shaped blade, the butt bent downwards. Culture Gumelnitsa, settlement Ponevo, Bulgaria.
3. Copper diamond-shaped pick-axe. The blade is narrow, made with a rounded blade on the beard. Eneolithic Transcarpathia.
4. Varna-type axe. It has slender, elongated proportions. Devni burial ground. Bulgaria.


Copper socket axes
1. A massive ax of the “Sokolovsky” type. The wedge is slightly bent down. Crimea. Kemi-Oba culture.
2. Ax of the “Sokolov” type with a relatively short wedge. From Gnidino.
3. Ax of the “Sokolovsky” type. Farm Grechaniki.
4. Maikop-type ax with a uniformly expanding wedge and a segmented blade with two beards. Balaklava, Crimea.
5. An ax from Verkhnedneprovsk with a short wedge.
6. Copper ax of the type described above, random find.

Large copper daggers of the Late Trypolye culture
1. A dagger with a “flame-shaped” blade of lenticular section and cutouts for pins.
1a - A variant of the reconstruction of the dagger No. 1 with a wooden handle and wicker winding, decorated with a cut-in monochrome ornament.
2. A dagger with a “flame-like” blade, the so-called “Anatolian” type. Most likely, it was an import. The blade is flat in cross section, the blades are formed by forging, wedge-shaped.
2a - Reconstruction of dagger No. 2. The wooden handle is decorated with two-tone leather weaving.


Daggers - "halberds"
1. A variant of the reconstruction of the “flame-shaped” dagger using it as a pick. In this case, the dagger on pins was attached to the head with a handle length at a right angle.
1a - Drawing of the dagger blade and its section.
2. Western European analogue of the klevets No. 1: a copper dagger-shaped pick of the Bronze Age.


Trypolye copper daggers

Trypolye copper knives and daggers


Bone Trypolye daggers and “stilettos”


Tripolye flint daggers


Large flint knives of the Sredny Stog culture


Large flint bent knives of the Sredny Stog culture